When the symptoms and signs of kidney cancer appear then the doctors suggest one or more test for the proper screening of it.  Here are details of these test:

Physical Exam:

Normally the diagnosis of each cancer begins with the physical exam of patient.  The doctor made a thorough examination of abdomen and side area for the feel of tumor. In this exam, physician tries to check the fever and high blood pressure that are usual situations of cancer start up period.

Urine test:

The purpose of this test is to check for blood and other signs of disease.

Blood tests:

This test is performed to check the proper functioning of kidney. The doctors also checked the level of certain substance for example creatinine .  the level of  this substance increases when the kidneys are not working effectively.

Imaging Studies:

Intravenous Peylogram (IVP):

In this advanced technology test, a special dye is injected into the vein of the arm. This dye moves in the body and accumulates in the kidneys. With the mean of x-rays the doctor keeps a track of this dye that moves from kidney to the ureters and bladder. In this way, they get an idea of tumor growth in the kidneys. Sometimes they diagnose some problems of kidney other than cancer.

Computed Tomography /CT Scan or CAT scan:

This is another scanning process of kidney cancer, in which an x-rays machine connected to a computer so that a series of detailed pictures of inside areas of kidney can be shown.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI scan)

MRI is a special imaging process in which the magnetic waves are created through large magnets. These waves are targeted to the body and thereby clear cut cross-sectional images are produced on a computer. Sometimes, the doctors used a special dye to get the more clear result. This picture is checked by the doctors in the screening of exact cause of kidney tumor.

Ultarsound:

In this test the sound waves are used to create a picture of kidney and this picture is named as sonograms. Actually these sound waves bounces off the kidney and then a computer make sonogram with the help of echoes.  The tumor of kidney can easily be appeared in the sonogram.

Biopsy:

It is regarded as the most affective method of diagnosis. In this the doctors remove a small amount of tissue with the help of a thin needle from the kidney. This sample tissue is evaluated completely under microscope by a pathologist. The doctor may take help from x-rays or ultrasound whenever they are going to remove the tissue from the internal organ because through it they readily know which area is perfect for the sample extraction purpose.

The cause of kidney cancer is mainly thought to be as a result of gene mutation (change). Certain changes in the DNA of human body cells, which make up genes are strongly believed to cause kidney cancer. Cells grow, divide and die, giving way to new cells to take over in a natural controlled process. When certain cells fail to die and others continue to grow, cells may be unnecessarily excess, leading to formation of a mass (tumour or cancer), which starts to spread to other organs. Certain inherited DNA changes can lead to conditions running in some families that increase the risk of kidney cancer.

A number of risk factors are also associated with the occurrence of kidney cancer:

Smoking: Cigarette smoking increases the risk of contracting renal cell adenocarcinoma. If a      person smokes many cigarettes in a day for a number of years, the risk of contracting renal cell adenocarcinoma becomes very high.

High blood pressure: Certain medicines (diuretics) that are used to treat or manage high blood pressure are thought to put one at risk of contracting kidney cancer, especially renal cell carcinoma.  Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome People with this syndrome, which is characterized by the development of small benign skin tumors, have an increased risk of developing different kinds of renal cell cancers. They may also have benign or malignant tumors of several other tissues.

Hippel-Lindau disease:People with this condition often develop several kinds of tumors and cysts (fluid-filled sacs) in different parts of the body. They have an increased risk for developing clear renal cell carcinoma, especially at a younger age. They may also have benign tumors in their eyes, brain, spinal cord, pancreas and other organs; and a type of  adrenal gland tumor called pheochromocytoma. This condition is caused by mutations (changes) in the VHL gene.

Obesity: This is the deposition of excessive fat around the body, especially in the sub- cutaneous tissue. This increases the risk of developing kidney cancer.

Occupation risks: Exposures to certain substances increase the risk of contracting kidney cancer, particularly renal cell carcinoma. These substances include herbicides, cadmium, asbestos, benzene and some organic solvents. Here you can also see what is kidney cancer.
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Kidney cancers are diagnosed throughout the world but they are more prevalent in Northern America and more less in Africa and Asian regions. It is common in men over 70 years although women above 65 years have also been diagnosed.

Kidney cancer can show signs or may not show any signs. The most common sign that normally occurs is a mass in the abdomen (it grows and fills the entire belly in extreme cases), hydronephrosis (distension of the kidney pelvis with urine, from obstructed outflow. If unrelieved,pressure eventually causes atrophy of kidney tissue).

Treatment for kidney cancer depends on the type and stage of the disease. In wilms tumor (in children), chemotherapy, radiotherapy and nephrectomy are the recommended treatments. In renal cell carcinoma, treatment depends on the stage of the cancer, but typically does not involve chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as renal cell carcinoma is resistant to these therapies. Treatment for localized renal cell carcinoma consists of nephrectomy alone, with no adjuvant (post surgical) therapy. In metastatic renal cell carcinoma, treatment the use of torisel, nexavar and sutent. Interferon and interleukin-2 are at times used.